25 Jan 2008

Artistas y Deportistas




Actividades artísticas y deportivas

El art. 17 Modelo OCDE establece el criterio de tributación compartida entre el Estado fuente (donde se desarrolla su actuación) y el Estado de residencia. El primer Estado tiene un derecho de imposición preferente, y su legislación interna no tiene que ser limitado por las disposiciones del Convenio. El segundo Estado puede someter las rentas a gravamen, pero tendrá en cuenta las fórmulas de evitar la doble imposición (mediante exención o imputación). Es decir, que si un tenista argentino debe pagar el 24% por un partido en España, esta cantidad será deducible en su país.

No es necesario que se trate de profesionales, también se sujetarán las rentas percibidas por amateurs.

Se incluyen en el art. 17 los rendimientos percibidos por patrocinio, si se trata de actividades independientes.

El caso de España

En los Convenios suscritos por España, como norma general, los rendimientos por actuaciones realizadas en el territorio de un Estado son gravadas por el mismo. No obstante, existen peculiaridades en los diversos Convenios con respecto a este tipo de rentas.

Igualmente, en algunos Convenios se contiene una cláusula que permite gravar las rentas derivadas de las actividades ejercidas por un artista o deportista, cuando se atribuyan, no al propio artista o deportista, sino a otra persona o sociedad interpuesta.

Por tanto, cuando un deportista o artista no residente en España realiza alguna actuación en territorio español, los rendimientos que obtenga estarán sujetas al Impuesto sobre la Renta de no Residentes, aun cuando se perciban por persona o entidad distinta del artista o deportista, al tipo de gravamen general, desde 1 de enero de 2007, del 24%.

15 Jan 2008

Rendimientos derivados de actividades empresariales cuando hay Convenio (1)


Se recoge en el art. 7 del Modelo de Convenios de Doble Imposición, y en el esta uno de los principios de estos Convenios: un Estado no puede gravar los rendimientos empresariales de un no residente, salvo que este lo obtenga a través de establecimiento permanente (E.P.).

Los Convenios que España tiene firmados, atribuyen el derecho de imposición de los beneficios empresariales al Estado en el que la empresa que obtiene dichos beneficios tiene su residencia. Sólo en el caso de que dicha empresa actúe en el otro Estado por medio de un establecimiento permanente (E.P.) pueden someterse a imposición dichos beneficios en ese Estado, pero sólo en la medida en que puedan atribuirse a ese establecimiento permanente.

Por ejemplo, una entidad residente en un Estado que tenga suscrito Convenio con España realiza una actividad empresarial en España sin establecimiento permanente. En este caso, los rendimientos que perciba están exentos de tributación en España.

Sin embargo, si la referida actividad se llevara a cabo mediante E.P. los rendimientos empresariales se someterían a tributación en España.

Debe tenerse en cuenta que los incrementos patrimoniales en la enajenación de activos de un E.P. se someten a tributación en el Estado donde dichos bienes estén situados, por aplicación del art. 13.2 del Modelo de Convenios.

La posible doble tributación deberá ser eliminada por uno de estos métodos:
1- Por el criterio de imputación: el impuesto pagado será deducible del gravamen soportado por los beneficios del E.P. en la sede central;
2- Por el criterio de exención: Son exentos los beneficios atribuidos al E.P. en el Estado de la sede cental.

Así, si un Estado aplica el criterio de exención, una herramienta de planificación fiscal internacional sería situar un E.P. en una jurisdicción de baja tributación,con lo que habría poca tributación aquí y ninguna en sede de la casa central.

Los rendimientos por la prestación de servicios de consultoría (cesión de personal directivo, formación y marketing) se consideran rendimientos de actividades empresariales, no cánones. En ocasiones no es tan facil distinguirlos, y la tributación no es la misma.

4 Jan 2008

Tax Risk issues in Latin America

In a recent discussion, PricewaterhouseCoopers' John Salerno joined the editors of Tax Strategies to talk with ADM's Robert Frable and Sony's Marc Lewis about their tax operations in Latin America, their new procedures for dealing with FIN 48, and transfer pricing procedures. This excerpt from that interview takes a look at their strategies surrounding FIN 48:

Strategies: What has your overall experience been in managing the implementation of FIN 48 in the region?

Lewis: It is hard to say that the Latin American region presents something that is unique within FIN 48 implementation versus some of the other regions but I think one thing to consider is how much reliance a taxpayer can place on the availability of Competent Authority or APA relief. To a certain extent, it is dependent upon how active the Competent Authority is between different countries and how active the APA programs are between different countries. Latin America, Mexico and probably some others have pretty robust activities. However, in other countries, it is just building up, so I do not think you are at the same level as you see in some of the countries in Europe, Japan and other places where you can rely upon a Competent Authority or APAs in the assessment of uncertain tax positions.

Frable: FIN 48 was an interesting experience with this being the implementation year. I think everybody was surprised at how much time they ended up spending on the implementation. It took away from your day-today responsibilities. I think it is going to get better; tax departments, controllers and even outside auditors had to work through a learning curve.
From http://practicaltaxstrategies.blogspot.com/

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2 Jan 2008

Tax Havens and the Struggle for Global Tax Regulation

Sharman, J.C.. "Tax Havens and the Struggle for Global Tax Regulation" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Boston Marriott Copley Place, Sheraton Boston & Hynes Convention Center, Boston, Massachusetts, Aug 28, 2002

Abstract: In 1998 the OECD launched a campaign to prevent 'harmful' international tax competition practised by tax havens luring away capital and accompanying tax revenue from large industrialised states. Subsequently the OECD has sought to compel tax havens to eschew this 'tax poaching' in a struggle crucially shaped by normative factors inhibiting the use of economic sanctions and side-payments. The OECD has instead employed a rhetorical strategy of argument and 'naming and shaming' to secure tax havens' compliance, attacking their reputation for financial probity and diminishing their attractiveness as investment destinations. In response, tax havens have sought to appropriate and reverse arguments put into play by the OECD to delegitimate the campaign.

In policy terms, the tax competition initiative exemplifies how core states can set and impose standards regulating the global economy. Theoretically, it provides an explanation based on the interaction of rationalist and normative factors, whilst also advancing our understanding of argument and rhetoric.

This Blog/Web Site ("Blog") does not to provide specific legal advice, it is for educational purposes only. This Blog is made available by the international adviser, lawyer or law firm for educational purposes only as well as to give you general information and a general understanding of the law, not to provide specific legal advice.

The Blog does not constitute legal advice and is not a substitute for competent legal advice from a licensed attorney in your state. Any comment posted on the Blog can be read by any Blog visitor; do not post confidential or sensitive information. Any links from another site to the Blog are beyond the control of us.

By using this blog site you understand that there is no attorney client relationship between you and the Blog.

The Blog should not be used as a substitute for competent legal advice from a licensed professional adviser or lawyer in your country.

Our firm and do not convey their approval, support or any relationship to any site or organization. The use of this Blog does not implicitly or explicitly convey any warranties or representations as to the accuracy of the information contained herein.

This Blog has created this privacy statement in order to demonstrate our firm commitment to privacy. The following discloses the information gathering and dissemination practices for this Blog.

This Blog takes your privacy very seriously. Our customers told us they want to see clear, easy-to-read information about our privacy commitments and policies. We have made our privacy policies easier to find and easier to read. And we're listening. We welcome your questions and feedback on our privacy policies, and invite you to contact us with your thoughts.

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Our privacy commitments are fundamental to the way we do business every day. These apply to everyone who has a relationship with this Blog and visitors.
• We will protect your privacy and keep your personal information safe. We use powerful encryption and other security safeguards to protect customer data, when available.
• We will not sell your personal information to anyone, for any purpose. Period.
• We will fully disclose our privacy policies in plain language, and make our policies easily accessible to you.
• We will notify you of any revisions to our privacy policy, in advance. No surprises.
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This Privacy Policy identifies and describes the way This Blog uses and protects the information we collect about visitors. All use of this Blog is subject to this Privacy Policy.

Use of Location Information
• When your wireless device is on, it sends periodic signals to the nearest cell site. We use that information to provide your wireless services;
• You can use your wireless device to obtain a wide array of services based on the approximate location of the device, referred to as Location Based Services, or LBS. The information you receive in connection with your use of LBS may include advertisements related to your request and your location;

Online Activity Tracking and Advertising
• We collect information about your activity on this Blog for a number of purposes using technologies such as cookies, Web beacons, widgets and server log files.
• We and our advertising partners use that information, as well as other information they have or we may have, to help tailor the ads you see on our sites and to help make decisions about ads you see on other sites.

The Information We Collect, How We Collect It, And How We Use It

We collect different types of personal and other information based on your use of our products and services and our business relationship with you. Some examples include:
• Contact Information that allows us to communicate with you -- including your name, address, telephone number, and e-mail address;
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We collect information in 2 primary ways:
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We use the information we collect in a variety of ways, including to:
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• Deliver customized content that may be of interest to you;
• Address network integrity and security issues;
• Investigate, prevent or take action regarding illegal activities, violations of our Terms of Service or Acceptable Use Policies; and
• For local directory and directory assistance purposes.

Aggregate or Anonymous Information:

We may share aggregate or anonymous information in various formats with trusted entities’ only for purposes such as:
• Our knowledge, and offer of information that may be of interest to you;
• Universities, laboratories and other entities that conduct scientific research; and
• Media research companies for general information only.